Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agricultural soils play an important role in the global greenhouse gas budget. However, the response of N₂O emissions from nitrogen fertilized agricultural soils to climate warming is not yet well understood. A field experiment with simulated warming (T) using infrared heaters and its control (C) combined with a nitrogen (N1) fertilization treatment (315 kg N ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) and no nitrogen treatment (N0) was conducted over five years at an agricultural research station in the North China Plain in a winter wheat–soybean double cropping system. N₂O fluxes were measured using static chambers about once every week during July 2009–June 2014. In the N1 treatment, warming decreased the soil moisture and N₂O emissions in spring, autumn and winter and the annual cumulative emissions. Across all years, N₂O fluxes were positively correlated with soil temperature and soil moisture. The effect of lower soil moisture on N₂O fluxes exceeded that of higher temperature, leading to less N₂O being released by the drier soils under warming. Nitrogen fertilizer increased N₂O emissions without warming, but did not routinely increase N₂O emissions under warming treatment. In the N0 treatment, warming neither decreased soil water content nor N₂O emissions. Temperature and nitrogen input had significant direct and antagonistic effects on cumulative N₂O flux in the N1 treatment. The decrease in N₂O emissions from N1T was due to the significant decrease of soil water content, soil total nitrogen and organic matter, which consequently accelerated N cycle dynamics and advanced wheat growth.